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The Wuchang Uprising was the Chinese uprising that served as the catalyst to the Xinhai Revolution, ending the Qing Dynasty – and two millennia of imperial rule – and ushering in the Republic of China (ROC). It began with the dissatisfaction of the handling of a railway crisis. The crisis then escalated to an uprising where the revolutionaries went up against Qing government officials. The uprising was then assisted by the New Army in a coup against their own authorities in the city of Wuchang, Hubei province on October 10, 1911.〔戴逸, 龔書鐸. () (2003) 中國通史. 清. Intelligence press. ISBN 962-8792-89-X. p 86-89.〕 The Battle of Yangxia led by Huang Xing would be the major engagement in the uprising. ==Canton and Sichuan railway crisis== (詳細はBoxer Rebellion, many Western countries saw China as a good location for railway building and investment.〔Spence, Jonathan D. () (1990). The Search for Modern China. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-30780-8, ISBN 978-0-393-30780-1. pg 250-256.〕 Having carved out their individual spheres of influence, countries such as the United Kingdom and France built numerous railways over the Qing government's protests.〔 Germany began building lines in Shandong, the British in Yangtze Valley, French in Kunming, Russians in Heilongjiang and the Japanese had the Southern Manchuria Railway company.〔 The Qing government began to allow the provincial governments to set up their own railway construction ventures. By 1905, the Canton-Hankou Railway and the Sichuan-Hankou railway (川漢鐵路) were being locally managed in Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan.〔Reilly, Thomas. () (1997). Science and Football III, Volume 3. Taylor & Francis publishing. ISBN 0-419-22160-3, ISBN 978-0-419-22160-9. pg 277-278.〕〔Fenby, Jonathan. () (2008). The History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power. ISBN 978-0-7139-9832-0. pg 107, pg 116, pg 119.〕 The railways were meant to link those provinces with the rest of China. In May 1911 the Qing government ordered the nationalization of railway lines, previously paid for by local private investors,〔 in order to pay for the indemnities imposed by the Boxer Protocol.〔 The announcement to nationalize the railways in order to pay back debts to the antagonistic victors of the Boxer Rebellion—mainly Great Britain, Germany, France and the US—was met with much opposition.〔〔〔王恆偉. (2005) (2006) 中國歷史講堂 #6 民國. 中華書局. ISBN 962-8885-29-4. pg 3-7.〕 Protests were held in Changsha and people in Guangdong boycotted government banknotes.〔 By July the Qing government compensated the investors, but the amount offered to Sichuan was much lower than all other provinces.〔 By August 11 there were massive strikes and rallies at Chengdu.〔 On September 7, Governor-General Zhao Erfeng arrested key leaders of the Railway Protection League, and when a crowd formed to protest this, ordered troops to fire into the crowd.〔 New Army units in Wuhan were stationed in Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang at the time.〔Wang, Ke-wen. () (1998). Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture and Nationalism. Taylor & Francis Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-0720-9, ISBN 978-0-8153-0720-4. pg 390-391.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wuchang Uprising」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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